Delivery and shuttle services offered by supermarkets, restaurants and individuals in this North Carolina metropolis have become a solution for Hispanics without driver’s licenses, who avoid driving to keep from being deported.

For a mom to go shopping and take her kids to school, for the family to dine at a restaurant on Sunday after church, or for a worker to get something to eat at lunchtime, all that becomes terribly complicated without a driver’s license.

Due to the enactment in 2006 of the 287(g) program and of Secure Communities in 2010, which together have put more than 11,000 immigrants here in line for deportation, plus a law banning the undocumented from getting or renewing their driver’s licenses, the Hispanic community and local businesses have been forced to get more creative.